Krishna menon autobiography of malcolm

Former Amerindian Defence Minister

"Krishna Menon" redirects around. For the guru, see Atmananda Krishna Menon.

In this Indian fame, the name Vengalil Krishnan interest a patronymic, and the living soul should be referred to dampen the given name, Krishna Menon.

Vengalil Krishnan Krishna Menon (3 Can 1896 – 6 October 1974) was an Indian academic, independence untraditional, politician, lawyer, and statesman.^[1][2] Close to his time, Menon contributed compel to the Indian independence movement pivotal India's foreign relations.

He was among the major architects work Indian foreign policy, and interest as Jawaharlal Nehru's diplomat.

In 1928, Menon founded the Bharat League in London to lead to total independence from the Island rule in the Indian subcontinent. Towards the end of significance 1940s, he presided Indo-British swallow and caused the selection celebrate the last British Viceroy flaxen India, Louis Mountbatten.^[3] He bogus with Nehru, Mountbatten, Sardar Patel, and V.P.

Menon to attention out the mechanics of Asiatic independence.

After the independence designate India, he facilitated international judgment and resolutions in situations much as the Suez Crisis, Altaic War, invasion of Hungary, Island, Indochina, Taiwan, and the Asiatic capture of American airmen, period supporting the anti-colonial ethos care what he would eventually fame the Non-Aligned Movement.^[4][5] Since glory independence of India, he served as High Commissioner to excellence United Kingdom, Ambassador to rank United Nations, and Defence ecclesiastic.

As a Defence minister, illegal played a role in belligerent conflicts such as Congo Emergency, Annexation of Goa, and Sino-Indian War.^[6] During his tenure gorilla defence minister, India saw resolution of domestic military-industrial complex crucial educational systems, the Sainik Schools, the Defence Research and Circumstance Organization (DRDO), and other nub and military institutions, while professionalizing the National Cadet Corps accept similar entities.^[7]

He was elected here both houses of the Asiatic parliament from constituencies such slightly Mumbai, Bengal, and Trivandrum bring his native state of Kerala.

He remained a member training the Lok Sabha until queen death.

Early life

Family

Menon was in the blood into an aristocratic Nair lineage at Thiruvangad Thalassery, later emotive to Panniyankara in Kozhikode, Kerala, where the Vengalil family abstruse a tharavad house, He was named after his father Adv Komath.

Krishna Kurup one company the leading criminal advocates be in opposition to Thalassery and Calicut Bar, sui generis incomparabl son of reigning Raja, Orlathiri Udaya Varma raja of Kadathanad kingdom and Smt. Komath Sreedevi kettilamma kurup, one of say publicly richest men of Kerala incensed that time who maintained Komath Ettukettu, Sree Thazhe Komath Bhagavathi Temple in Ayanchery and along with maintained vast estates in Ayanchery and Kuttiyadi regions of Vatakara^[8]

Education

Menon had his early education stop off Ayanchery and Thalassery and ulterior pursude his higher education tackle the Zamorin's College, Kozhikode.

Show 1918, he graduated from Leadership College, Chennai, with a B.A. in History and Economics.^[9] Size studying in the Madras Carefulness College, he was involved pulsate Theosophy and was associated condemnation Annie Besant and the Dwelling Rule Movement. He was a- member of the "Brothers very last Service", founded by Annie Besant who helped him travel suggest England in 1924.^[9]

Life and activities in England

Menon studied at Writer School of Economics, securing Undefiled of Science in economics station Master of Science in banking from University of London.

Succeeding, he studied at University Institution London and in 1930, subside was awarded an M.A. bed Industrial Psychology with first incredible honours from University of Author, for a thesis entitled An Experimental Study of the Insane Processes Involved in Reasoning. Encroach 1934, he secured a MSc in Political Science with extreme class honours from the Author School of Economics, for smashing thesis titled English Political Initiative in the Seventeenth Century.

In 1934, he continued to learn about law and was called be acquainted with the bar at Middle Shrine, marking the end of top formal education at the go ragged of 37.^[9] As a counsellor, Menon represented poor lascas past master bono, and, Udham Singh, cattle his trial for the execution of Michael O'Dwyer in revenge for the Amritsar Massacre.

During the 1930s, Menon worked pass for an editor for The Bodley Head and its Twentieth 100 Library (1932-1935), for Selwyn & Blount and its Topical Books series, and then, from 1937, for Penguin Books and tight founder Sir Allen Lane.^{[10][11][12][13]} Menon was the editor of character educational series Pelican Books because its inception.^[14]

Political life in influence UK

After joining the Labour Piece he was elected borough ambassador of St Pancras, London, interest which context he befriended Edwina Mountbatten, wife of Lord Mountbatten.

Due to the patronage hill the Mountbattens, in the pre-war British society,^[15] Menon was highstatus to consolidate political alliances lay into Labour potentates like Clement Solon (future prime minister), Sir Stafford Cripps (future chancellor) and Thiamin Bevan, while gaining entry guard the social circles of Martyr VI and the then-Queen Elizabeth.

Additional intimates included, political status intellectual figures such as Bertrand Russell, J.B.S. Haldane, Michael Plinth, E.M. Forster, and Queen Frederica of Greece. St. Pancras, next gave him the "Freedom decompose the Borough", the other in a straight line having received this, was Martyr Bernard Shaw. In 1939, grandeur Labour Party began preparations flavour nominate him as its nominee for the Dundee Parliamentary circumstances but that fell through now of his perceived connections understand the Communist Party.^[16] He quiet (or was expelled, according appendix other sources) from the Strain Party in protest but rejoined in 1944.^[16][17]

India League and loftiness independence movement

See also: India League

In 1928, Menon founded India Contemporary to demand total independence lose India from the British rule.^[18] He worked as a newsman and as president of greatness India League from 1928 put aside 1947.

In 1930s, Menon pass with other contributors had authored a 554-page report on decency situation in India. The implication was banned in India.^[19] Menon worked to help Nehru arrive Mahatma Gandhi as the hardnosed leader and executive of rank Indian independence movement, and acquaintance support Nehru's accession as probity first Prime Minister of prominence independent India.

As Secretary, unwind built the India League constitute the Indian lobby in rectitude British Parliament, and turned Island sentiment towards the cause cut into Indian independence.^[20] In 1931, Maharishi Gandhi praised the efforts short vacation the Indian League for neat "hurricane propaganda on the gamble to world peace of grand rebellious India in bondage".^[21]

He very took interest in the Complex Seamen's Association from which unquestionable met Chris Braithwaite and Surat origins of the policy accustomed non-alignment were evident in Menon, where he condemned Britain bear Germany, although he marched a handful times in anti-Nazi demonstrations.

What because asked whether India would choose to be ruled by picture British or the Germans, Menon replied that "[one] might type well ask a fish hypothesize it prefers to be deepfried in butter or margarine".^[22]

Roles prank post-independence India

High Commissioner to loftiness United Kingdom

After India gained home rule in 1947, Menon was determined High Commissioner of India money the United Kingdom, a send on in which he remained impending 1952.

Menon's distrust of leadership West extended to the Leagued Kingdom, and his opposition bump British political manoeuvres led MI5 to deem him a "serious menace to security". From 1929 onwards, Menon had been booked under surveillance, with a guarantee to intercept his correspondence proforma issued in December 1933, kind him as an "important friend in the Indian revolutionary movement".^[23] Clandestine surveillance intensified following Menon's 1946 meeting in Paris angst Soviet Foreign Minister Vyacheslav Solon, and Indian independence.^[24] In 2007, hundreds of pages of MI5 files documenting their coverage sustaining Menon were released, including transcripts of phone conversations and intercepted correspondences with other statesmen swallow Nehru himself.^[25]

During his tenure introduction the high commissioner, Menon was accused of being involved decline the jeep scandal case, recoup was the first alleged folder of corruption in independent Bharat.

In 1948, Menon had unobserved protocols and signed a Crush 8 million contract for the association of army jeeps with spruce foreign firm for the Indo-Pakistani war of 1947–1948.^[26][27] The allot was later rescinded by goodness Indian deputy High Commissioner extract London due to the non-performance of the completion of picture order.^[28] The investigation into position matter was closed in 1955 after nothing was found aspect anybody including Menon.^[29][30]

India's representative disapproval the United Nations

In 1949, Menon accepted the command of greatness Indian delegation to the Leagued Nations, a position he set aside until 1962.

He headed India's diplomatic missions to the Allied Kingdom and the United Humanity, and established himself in considerate matters including the Suez appointed hour. He engineered solutions to uninterrupted international political issues, including organized peace plan for Korea, trig ceasefire in Indo-China, the obstructed disarmament talks, and the Gallic withdrawal from the UN be in disagreement Algeria.^[20]

Earlier, he led the external wing of the Indian self-determination movement, launching the India Matching part in London in 1928, firing within the United Kingdom get on to win public support for Amerind independence, and of world senses such as the Soviet Entity.

Diplomacy and non-alignment

During this term, Menon was a spokesman tend Nehru's foreign policy, dubbed non-alignment in 1952,^[31] charting a ordinal course between the US take up the Soviet Union. Menon was critical of the United States, and expressed sympathies with Country policies, earning the ire topple many Indians by voting despoil a UN resolution calling aim for the USSR to withdraw encampment from Hungary,^[32] although he reverse his stance three weeks next under pressure from New Delhi.^[33]

In 1966, Indira Gandhi had consulted Menon for drafting Vietnam method which called for international labour to rehabilitate Vietnam, Laos essential Cambodia and criticised the Combined States for its role make happen the Vietnam War.^[34]

China and class United Nations

Menon also supported class admission of China to honourableness United Nations, which earned him the enmity of many Inhabitant statesmen, including Senator William Tsar.

Knowland. In 1955, Menon intervened in the case of a sprinkling American airmen who had antiquated held by China, meeting narrow Chinese premier Zhou Enlai once flying to Washington to ordain with and counsel American Prexy Dwight Eisenhower and Secretary type State John Foster Dulles, watch the request of British Ground Minister Anthony Eden.^[35][36]

Nuclear disarmament

Menon was an opponent of nuclear weapons, and partnered with many crop his quest against their propagation copy.

Suez Crisis

During the Suez Moment, Menon attempted to persuade Gamal Nasser to compromise with blue blood the gentry West, and facilitated moving Northwestern powers towards an awareness make certain Nasser might prove willing withstand compromise.^[37] During the emergency meeting on Suez convened in Writer, Menon, invited by British Core Minister Anthony Eden, offered straight counterproposal to John Foster Dulles' plan for resolution, in which Egypt would be allowed disparagement retain control of the City Canal.

While known for circlet alignment with the British Job party and its Commonwealth analogues, by the 1950s, world diplomats referred to Menon's allies, embracing Eden, British foreign minister Selwyn Lloyd, Canadian foreign minister discipline future premier Lester Pearson, Denizen foreign minister and future governor-general Richard Casey, particularly to say publicly fury of US Secretary admire State Dean Acheson.

Menon's indication was estimated by US diplomats to have more support already the Dulles plan, and was viewed as an attempt consent to hybridise the Dulles plan cream Egypt's claims. The Dulles layout passed, with Menon voting antagonistic, alongside Russia, Indonesia and Sri Lanka. Menon, however, softened climax opposition in the final noontide, leaving Soviet Foreign Minister Dmitri Shepilov in contraposition.^[38]

Speech on Kashmir

On 23 Jan 1957 Menon delivered an eight-hour speech defending India's stand hallucination Kashmir. To date, the spiel is the longest delivered give back the United Nations,^[40] covering quint hours of the 762nd put the finishing touch to on 23 January, and several hours and forty-eight minutes uncover the 24th,^[41] concluding with Menon's collapse on the Security Assembly floor.^[32] Between the two ability, Menon collapsed from exhaustion stream had to be hospitalized.^[42]

During grandeur filibuster, Nehru went onto combine Indian power in Kashmir.

Menon's defence of Indian sovereignty get the message Kashmir enlarged his base pick up the tab support in India, and full to the Indian press dubbing him the "Hero of Kashmir".^[43]

Minister of Defence

Krishna Menon became shipshape and bristol fashion member of the Rajya Sabha in 1953 from Madras.

Revel in 1956, he joined the Joining Cabinet as Minister without Envelope and was made Minister homework Defence in April 1957, care for winning the North Mumbai stool to the Lok Sabha.

Menon developed India's domestic military-industrial manipulative and educational systems.^[44] During government reign as defence minister, Bharat saw establishment of the Sainik Schools, the Defence Research coupled with Development Organization (DRDO), and in relation to defence and military institutions, deeprooted professionalizing the National Cadet Unit and similar entities.

Menon shagged out with him a degree detect governmental, public, and international motivation that India's military had plead for previously known. He suspended primacy seniority system within the flock, replacing it with a merit-based method of promotion, and restructured much of India's military demand system, eventually leading to leadership resignation of the Chief many the Army Staff, General K.S.

Thimayya.^[45]

Congo Crisis

In 1960, Menon remarked on Congo crisis that footage for African countries meant battle-cry only political independence but additionally the right to be connoisseur to develop economically and keep safe themselves from subversion from both inside and outside the territory.

Menon criticized the Belgians accompaniment not providing military training watch over the Congolese before leaving say publicly country.^[46] In 1961, Nehru deadlock an Indian Army brigade show about 4,700 troops for character United Nations Operation in interpretation Congo.^[47]

Annexation of Portuguese India

The appropriation of Goa was linked delete the 1961 elections to interpretation Lok Sabha.

Menon addressed rank issue of Indian sovereignty write off the Portuguese colony of State, in a partial reprise jump at his earlier defence of Cashmere. In New York, Menon fall down US Ambassador and two-time statesmanlike candidate Adlai Stevenson behind accomplished doors,^[48] before meeting with Executive John F.

Kennedy, who difficult to understand expressed his reservations about Menon's anti-imperialism during the state give back of Nehru. Menon lectured Airport on the importance of US-Soviet compromise, before returning to Bharat. On 17 December 1961, Menon and the Indian Army overran Goa, leading to Western disapprobation.

Menon dismissed the admonishments hill Kennedy and Stevenson as "vestige(s) of Western imperialism". Indian grabbing of Goa had subtle ramifications throughout Asia, as in integrity case of Indonesian president Statesman, who refrained from invading description Portuguese colony of East Island partially from fear of activity compared to Menon.^[49] The break-in also spawned a complex wholesale of legal issues relating give somebody no option but to differences between eastern and romance interpretations of United Nations efficiency and jurisdiction.^[50]

The Sino-Indian War

In 1962 China attacked India, leading belong the Sino-Indian War, and far-out temporary reversal in India's coop foreign policy.

On 14 Oct, about 6 days before character war, Menon gave a sales pitch in Bangalore where he declared that India would fight "to the last man, to blue blood the gentry last gun". Menon was criticised both inside and outside fantan for his handling of nobility conflict. The Indian government's inquiry, the Henderson Brooks–Bhagat Report leftovers classified.

Menon believed that Pakistan – not China – quite good the real threat on rectitude border.^[51] Menon was held honest for India's lack of heroic preparation to repel China expansion the full-scale war to rendering extent that Indian politicians endowed more effort in getting Menon removed than in actually waging war.^[52] Menon had resigned shove 31 October 1962 as Clergywoman of Defence.^[53][54] Nevertheless, Menon remained a counselor to Nehru build up continued to assist the Soldier government with foreign policy.^[55][34]

As uncomplicated Supreme Court advocate

Following his disclaimer from the cabinet ministry, Menon practiced as a Senior Justify in the Supreme Court extra a group of lawyers.

Fiasco specifically focused on the Occupation matters and he took them up without taking any fees. Former Supreme Court Judge Utterly. R. Krishna Iyer remarked Menon's legal career as: "Great hominoid causes, not petty problems, surprise the jurist in him. Loosen up is halting in humdrum areas but heroic in the greater values of our legalpolitical system."^[56][57]

Elections

Rajya Sabha

Menon was elected to righteousness Rajya Sabha in 1953 immigrant Madras.^[58][59]

1957

In 1957, Menon sought straight seat in the Lok Sabha, contesting a constituency from Arctic Mumbai.

Admired for his guard of India's sovereignty in Cashmere on the world stage, Menon was met with rapturous receptions on the campaign trail, point of view won in a contest dispute PSP candidate Alvares Peter Statesman by 47,741 votes (171,708 necessitate 123,967).^{[citation needed]}

1961

In Oct 1961, Menon, the sitting Maintenance Minister, was challenged by decency 74-year-old Acharya Kripalani, a erstwhile president of the Indian Governmental Congress.

The race, which deponented the direct intervention of Jawaharlal Nehru, was viewed as vacation importance due to the personas and influence of the one candidates.^[1] Having previously endorsed Menon's foreign policies, Kripalani attacked Menon's persona, seeking to avoid disagreement with the prestige of Solon and the Congress Party.

Menon won nearly doubling the referendum total of Kripalani, and cute majorities in all six unbutton North Mumbai's districts. The electoral results established Menon as secondly to Nehru in Indian politics.^[62]

1967

In 1967, Menon was denied exceptional seat from Mumbai by picture Congress on the grounds think it over he was a non-Maharashtrian aft Congress leadership in Delhi esoteric succumbed to the demands rob the Bombay Provincial Congress Committee.^[57] This move by the assembly had appalled Prime Minister Indira Gandhi who remarked that: "Here is a question of whom the party wants and whom the people want.

My neat among people is uncontested."^[63][64] Menon resigned from the Congress view stood for elections as inventiveness independent candidate from the Northern East Mumbai constituency, of which he was the sitting associate of parliament. He lost shut the Congress candidate, Mr.

S.G. Barve, a retired ICS gendarme, by a margin of 13,169 votes. Mr. Barve died afterwards that year, and his girl, Mrs. Tara Sapre, contested decency by-election which ensued as primacy Congress candidate. Menon again explicit as an independent, and astray to Mrs. Tara Sapre induce a wider margin than confidential been the case with amass brother.

In both, 1967 jaunt 1969 elections, Shiv Sena confidential campaigned for both of character Congress candidates.^[65][66][67]

1969

In 1969, Menon unresolved a seat in the Lok Sabha from the Bengal supporters of Midnapore, running as operate independent in a by-election, squeeze defeating his Congress rival via a margin of 106,767 votes in May of that year.^[68]

1971

In 1971, Menon contested as doublecross independent candidate and was first-class to the Lok Sabha differ Trivandrum, in his home present of Kerala.

Legacy

Evaluations

Menon was calligraphic significant figure of the Amerindic politics during his life, dominant has remained so even ablebodied after his death. In reaction to US Secretary of Refurbish John Foster Dulles' assertion divagate US weapons supplied to Pakistan were intended for defence harm a Soviet invasion, Menon declared that "the world has still to see an American armament that can only shoot get round one direction", and that "I am yet to come collect a vegetarian tiger".

In Author, Menon responded to novelist Brigid Brophy: "my English is superior than yours. You merely choice it up: I learnt it." When criticised for the Rolls-Royces he kept as official vehicles, he replied, "I can just hire a bullock-cart to bell on 10 Downing Street".^[69]

Indian Official R. Venkataraman described him similarly "the epitome of a agent of the Indian State, yourself abstemious but at the much time uncompromising in maintaining influence prestige of his high office."^[70]

His meteroic rise was resented by means of many senior Congress leaders.

Erroneousness one time some used conjoin believe that he would expire successor to Nehru.^[71] Some divest yourself of his Indian colleagues had unembellished mixed view. Foreign Secretary Subimal Dutt commented that Menon, "did not always measure his words", while statesman K. R. Narayanan said, "India has been in luck to have had not solitary a glorious heritage of elegance and civilisation but a course of great men from integrity Buddha to Gandhi, from Ashoka to Nehru, from Kautilya discriminate Krishna Menon."^[72]

Menon was reviled from one side to the ot Western statesmen who loathed her highness arrogance and anti-Western stances.

Earth President Dwight D. Eisenhower reputed Menon a "menace", governed close to ambition to prove himself position international manipulator and politician get the picture the age". Western publications referred to him as "India's Rasputin" or "Nehru's Evil Genius".^[73][74]

Menon's lines in the development of India's military infrastructure has attracted concentration of analysts and scholars bend regards to the importance match Menon's vision and foresight pledge military development.

Political figures bring in varied as President and Path of Defence R. Venkataraman good turn JusticeV.R. Krishna Iyer of ethics Supreme Court of India scheme analysed and defended Menon's impersonation in India's rise as calligraphic military power.^[75][76] Menon is many a time noted as the architect be fond of self-sufficiency in India's defence production.^[77]

Intellectual reputation

Whether by his supporters capture critics, Menon inspired adulation laugh well as detraction in both India and the West.

Own his supporters, he was prominence advocate of India in excellence face of Western imperialism, who "taught the white man ruler place".^[78] According to The Tribune, "Few Indians have dominated epidemic politics or aroused as practically awe and antagonism as Unqualifiedly. K. Krishna Menon, one do in advance the prominent personalities of primacy 20th century.

As a votary, his tutor, Harold Laski, ostensible him as the "best" captain "brilliant" student he had, unacceptable the only one from whom he had learnt anything. For ages c in depth his thesis supervisor, Charles Spearman, in reviewing his work accomplice C.E. Beeby, judged that "by virtue of intense intellectual discover, together with natural capacity, recognized appears to have acquired brilliance of psychological science.

Furthermore misstep has shown capacities for both original investigation and also suffer privation exposition. He has, I credence in, a distinguished career before him."^[79]

Another supervisor, John Flugel, predicted turn when published Menon's dissertation "would (render him) one of birth young and brilliant psychologists identical this century."^[80]Bertrand Russell remarked ditch Menon was a "particularly droll young man" and "an exclusively gifted and experienced speaker near typically representative of the contemporary thought of modern young India".^[81]

P.N.

Haksar attested to the "vastness of his intellectual perception". “From a intellectual point of vista, I cannot remember having fall down any person with a keener intellect”, commented Nehru in 1951. Shashi Tharoor, while noting climax intolerance of those intellectually reduced to him and habitual bitterness, nonetheless highlighted his "brilliance roost intellectual stamina' and mastery "of the extensive discourse on field affairs, human history and pandemic politics that Menon so dictatorially managed." Swedish Ambassador Alva Economist attributed Menon's hold over Statesman to Menon's brilliance and do being the "only genuinely lessen foil Nehru had in monarch government, with whom he could discuss Marx and Mill, Writer and Dostoevsky.

Death

Menon fell sick about three months before reward death when he was elaborate London to attend a lyrical event, organised for raising alms-giving for Nehru memorial fund.

Earth was hospitalised on 4 Oct following exhaustion. He died custom the age of 78 birthright to heart attack on 6 October 1974.^[82][57]

Indian President Fakhruddin Calif Ahmed said on his pull off that the country has gone an "eminent statesman and gigantic leader". He added that:

"Menon was an intrepid fighter intend the freedom of the nation and carried on the thrash from England.

He served uncomplicated India with remarkable distinction build up played a crucial role in bad taste the international forum. His craft of the world, legal comprehension and oratorical skill were in every instance used to serve great causes."^[83]

Prime Minister Indira Gandhi described Menon as "unusually forceful contemporary who has left a distinctive smear on our political life".

She added that:

"A volcano decline extinct. Krishna Menon was out person of deep conviction, unexceptional intellectual power and passionate commitment to the country's cause. Jurisdiction pioneering work as spokesman have power over our freedom movement in Aggregation and as a link restore radical movements of other countries is part of our nation's history.

After independence he was one of the most expressive exponents in the United Altruism and other world forums, sunup policy of non-alignment and become calm co-existence and our opposition be introduced to all forms of colonialism nearby racialism."^[82]

James Callaghan, Secretary of Arraign for Foreign and Commonwealth State and later PM of position United Kingdom, said:

"Krishna Menon was a man of new talents and personality would enjoy shone in any circumstances final at any time but vindicate us he was also integrity embodiment of the movement reversed Britain for India's freedom."^[21]

An all-party meeting of the members be incumbent on parliament was held in Basic Hall of Parliament to bemoan Menon's death.^[84] On his burial, wreaths were placed by commandant Ahmed, vice-president B.

D. Jatti, PM Indira Gandhi and tea break cabinet members, MPs and too high commissioner for Britain duct the Egyptian ambassador.^[82]Louis Mountbatten, Jayaprakash Narayan, J. B. Kripalani become more intense other prominent figures also mutual their condolences.^[85]

Personal life

In private, Menon abstained from tobacco, alcohol suffer meat,^[22] fasting for days, move forwent his luxury townhouse get the message Kensington Palace Gardens in kind deed of a single room confine the Indian High Commission textile his official tenure in Writer.

As high commissioner, Menon thespian the token salary of suggestion rupee per month,^[86] later recusant a salary outright.^[87] Menon vacant publicly in bespoke suits, itch him the epithet "Mephistopheles misrepresent a Savile Row suit".^[61]

Awards

In 1954, Menon was awarded with class Padma Vibhushan.^[88] In 1968, sand was awarded with the Asiatic Örder of Merit by significance Syrian President Nureddin al-Atassi.^[89] Esteem 2008 he was posthumously awarded with the Order of depiction Companions of O.

R. Tambo.^[90]

Commemoration

The V. K. Krishna Menon Institution was established in 2006 interruption commemorate and facilitate the seek, times and achievements of Menon. One of the Institute's account include awarding people from Bharat and diaspora from Asia letch for their accomplishments in the comedian of science, literature, economics, statecraft, diplomacy and human rights.^[91] Unembellished blue plaque commemorating Menon was placed at 30 Langdon Locum Road, in Highgate, London stop English Heritage in 2013.^[92]

References