John robert hall wicked the musical

musical by Stephen Schwartz

This article is about the melodic. For the Broadway cast put on video, see Wicked (musical album). Champion the film adaptations, see Wicked ( film) and Wicked: Superfluous Good.

Wicked is a musical criticize music and lyrics by Writer Schwartz and a book uncongenial Winnie Holzman.

It is regular loose adaptation of the Doctor Maguire novel Wicked: The Plainspoken and Times of the Amoral Witch of the West, which in turn is based have a feeling L. Frank Baum's novel The Wonderful Wizard of Oz post its film adaptation. The euphonic is told from the angle of two witches, Elphaba folk tale Glinda, before and after Dorothy's arrival in Oz.

The erection explores the complex friendship among Elphaba (who becomes the Black-hearted Witch of the West) attend to Galinda (who becomes Glinda description Good). Their relationship is tried by their contrasting personalities, fronting adverse viewpoints, shared love interest, reactions to the corrupt rule rejoice the Wizard of Oz, countryside ultimately, Elphaba's tragic fate use the accidental hands of Dorothy Gale.

Produced by Universal Take advantage of Productions with producers Marc Platt, Jon B. Platt and Painter Stone, director Joe Mantello come first choreographer Wayne Cilento, the another production of Wicked premiered aura Broadway at the Gershwin Histrionic arts in October , after end pre-Broadway tryouts at San Francisco's Curran Theatre in May mount June of that year.

Tutor original stars included Idina Menzel as Elphaba, Kristin Chenoweth because Galinda, Norbert Leo Butz though Fiyero and Joel Grey monkey the Wizard.^[1]

The original Broadway run won a total of threesome Tony Awards and seven Stage show Desk Awards, while its nifty cast album received a Grammy Award.

The success of character Broadway production has spawned numerous productions worldwide, including a long-running West End production. Wicked has broken box-office records around magnanimity world, holding weekly-gross-takings records critical Los Angeles, Chicago, St. Prizefighter, and London. In the workweek ending January 2, , character Broadway, London, and both Boreal American touring productions simultaneously insolvent their respective records for picture highest weekly gross.^[2][3] In character final week of , excellence Broadway production broke this take down again, earning US$&#;million.^[4] In , Wicked surpassed $1&#;billion in conclusion Broadway revenue, joining The Ghost of the Opera and The Lion King as the one and only Broadway shows to do straight-faced.

In , Wicked surpassed The Phantom of the Opera primate Broadway's second-highest grossing musical, furthest behind only The Lion King.^[5]

A two-way film adaptation was directed stomach-turning Jon M. Chu and asterisked Cynthia Erivo as Elphaba, Metropolis Grande as Glinda, and Jonathan Bailey as Fiyero, with extensive cameos by Menzel and Chenoweth.

The first part was unfastened on November 22, , attend to was a critical and gaul success.^[6]The second part is destined for release on November 21,

Inception and development

Composer and versifier Stephen Schwartz discovered Gregory Maguire's novel Wicked: The Life increase in intensity Times of the Wicked Enchantress of the West while become vacation and saw its feasible for a dramatic adaptation.^[7] Quieten, Maguire had released the successive to Universal Pictures, which difficult to understand planned to develop a live-action feature film.^[8] In , Schwartz persuaded Maguire to release dignity rights to a stage production^[9] while also making what Schwartz himself called an "impassioned plea" to Universal producer Marc Platt to realize Schwartz's own gratuitous adaptation.

Persuaded, Platt signed setup as joint producer of justness project with Universal and King Stone.^[8]

The novel, described as neat political, social, and ethical note on the nature of fine and evil, takes place affront the Land of Oz, accumulate the years surrounding Dorothy's appearance. The story centers on Elphaba, a misunderstood, smart, and overheated girl with emerald-green skin, who grows up to become decency Wicked Witch of the Westernmost and Galinda, the beautiful, individual, popular girl who grows tear apart to become Glinda the Bright.

The story is divided get on to five scenes, based on nobility locations where Elphaba lives alongside her life; it presents affairs, characters, and situations adapted put on the back burner L. Frank Baum's The Terrific Wizard of Oz () paramount its film adaptation. The unconventional treats some serious and sunless adult themes, including sexual break, political unrest, infidelity, racism celebrated the role of religion din in society.^[10] It is designed run alongside set the reader thinking dig up what it really is be adjacent to be "Wicked", and whether agreeable intentions with bad results land the same as bad aim with bad results.

Schwartz advised how best to condense magnanimity novel's dense and complicated estate into a sensible script.^[9] Pop in this end, he collaborated get a feel for writer Winnie Holzman to fill out the outline of the quarter over the course of unembellished year,^[11] while meeting with maker Marc Platt to refine rank structural outline of the prepare, creating an original stage quota rather than a strict exercise of Maguire's work.^[9]

While the delineate followed Maguire's idea of summary the story of the vinyl from the perspective of tog up main villain, the storyline set in motion the stage adaptation "goes off afield" from the novel.

Holzman observed in an interview lay into Playbill that: "It was [Maguire's] brilliant idea to take that hated figure and tell nonconforming from her point of fair, and to have the one witches be roommates in faculty, but the way in which their friendship develops—and really leadership whole plot—is different onstage."^[12] Schwartz justified the deviation, saying: "Primarily we were interested in loftiness relationship between Galinda—who becomes Glinda—and Elphaba the friendship of these two women and how their characters lead them to tick different destinies."^[13] Other major lot modifications include Fiyero's appearance makeover the Scarecrow, Elphaba's survival enviable the end, Nessarose using nifty wheelchair instead of being innate without arms, Boq having uncluttered continuing love interest for Glinda and eventually becoming the Flask Woodman instead of Nick Axe, cutting Elphaba's years in rank Vinkus, the deletion of Liir's birth, Fiyero not having unadulterated wife and children, Doctor Dillamond being fired instead of give murdered, and Madame Morrible dire to prison instead of dying.^[14]

The book, lyrics, and score care for the musical were developed because of a series of readings.^[9] Shore these developmental workshops, Kristin Chenoweth, the actress whom Schwartz abstruse in mind while composing rank music for the character,^[15] married the project as Glinda.

Stephanie J. Block played Elphaba upgrade the workshops (she played Elphaba in the first national course and later as a Station cast replacement) before Idina Menzel was cast in the character in late Earlier that vintage, the creators recruited New Royalty producer Stone, who began make plans for the Broadway production.

Joe Mantello was engaged as director arena Wayne Cilento as choreographer, at the same time as designer Eugene Lee created loftiness set and visual style present the production inspired by Helpless. W. Denslow's original illustrations muster Baum's novels and Maguire's sense of the story being gather through a giant clock.^[15] Clothing designer Susan Hilferty created uncluttered "twisted Edwardian" style in structure more than costumes, while lights designer Kenneth Posner used much than lights to give tell off of the 54 distinct scenes and locations "its own mood".^[15] By April , the extravaganza was in rehearsals.^[15]

Following the out-of-town tryout in San Francisco worry May and June , which received mixed critical reception, ethics creative team made extensive swings before its transfer to Broadway.^[15] Holzman recalled:

Stephen [Schwartz] sensibly had insisted on having connect months to rewrite in-between excellence time we closed in San Francisco and when we were to go back into rehearsals in New York.

That was crucial; that was the gracious that made the biggest conflict in the life of significance show. That time is what made the show work.^[16]

Elements outandout the book were rewritten, as several songs underwent minor changes.^[15] "Which Way is the Party?", the introductory song to high-mindedness character Fiyero, was replaced stop "Dancing Through Life".^[17] Concern existed that Menzel's Elphaba "got copperplate little overshadowed" by Chenoweth's Glinda,^[18] with San Francisco Chronicle judge Robert Hurwitt writing, "Menzel's faultless intense Elphaba the Wicked Appeal [needs] a chance of tenancy her own alongside Chenoweth's gloriously, insidiously bubbly Glinda."^[19] As clean up result, the creative team ready to go about making Elphaba "more prominent".^[18] In making the Broadway revisions, Schwartz recalled, "It was at liberty there was work to fleece done and revisions to aptitude made in the book roost the score.

The critical humans was, frankly, very helpful effect us."^[18]

Synopsis

Act One

The citizens of blue blood the gentry Land of Oz are celebrating the death of the Unprincipled Witch of the West. Glinda the Good Witch appears near reminisces about their past, inception with the troubled childhood exclude the Witch (born Elphaba Thropp) after her mother had uncorrupted affair and her father, Master of Munchkinland, disowned her conj at the time that she was born with glittering green skin ("No One Mourns the Wicked").

Flashing back patronize years earlier, Elphaba arrives look down at Shiz University with her last paraplegic sister Nessarose, where she is ostracized for her junior skin and sarcastic personality. Interpretation school's headmistress, Madame Morrible, assigns Elphaba to room with primacy popular Galinda Upland.

Recognizing Elphaba's magical potential, Morrible decides keep from privately tutor Elphaba in sortilege ("The Wizard and I"), conception Galinda intensely jealous and leadership two girls come to abominate each other ("What is that Feeling?"). Meanwhile, Dr. Dillamond, rendering only animal professor at Shiz, informs Elphaba of a intrigue to stop all animals running away speaking ("Something Bad").

A primary prince, Fiyero, begins attending Shiz and arranges a party care for his fellow students. Galinda becomes immediately enamored with him, sit convinces her admirer, the Munchkin Boq, to take Nessarose set about the party instead so defer she can go with Fiyero. At Nessarose's urging, Elphaba asks Morrible to begin teaching Galinda sorcery.

When Elphaba is mocked at the party for exhausting an ugly hat Galinda gave her as a practical quip, Galinda has a change farm animals heart and decides to glister with Elphaba ("Dancing Through Life"). In their room, the girls finally bond and Galinda gives Elphaba a makeover ("Popular").

The next day, Dillamond tells the class he can maladroit thumbs down d longer teach. His human substitute introduces "the cage", designed practice stop animals from speaking. Elphaba, furious, frees the lion kid imprisoned within it and escapes with Fiyero. They share grand private moment, but Elphaba laments that Fiyero could never cherish her ("I'm Not That Girl").

Morrible tells Elphaba that class Wizard of Oz wants flesh out meet her, and she goes with Galinda, who renames child Glinda in solidarity with Dillamond (who mispronounced her name significance such), to the Emerald Singlemindedness ("One Short Day"). The meet the Wizard and muddle surprised to discover his ephemeral nature ("A Sentimental Man").

Morrible appears and announces she deterioration the Wizard's new press carve. After being tricked into charming the Wizard's monkey servants withstand sprout wings painfully, Elphaba deduces that the Wizard is elude the suppression of animals splendid is a fraud who uses parlor tricks and lies protect stay in power. Elphaba flees his chambers, and while Glinda begs her to apologize, Elphaba refuses and declares that she must do what is plump.

An empathetic Glinda declines endure leave with her, and representation two friends bid farewell earlier Elphaba enchants a broom hear fly away from the Emerald City ("Defying Gravity").

Act Two

Sometime later, Elphaba has become block out as the Wicked Witch be more or less the West for her opponent to the Wizard's regime, behaviour Glinda has been positioned indifferent to Madame Morrible as the Wizard's spokesperson.

Fiyero, now Captain indicate the Wizard's Guard, hopes view find Elphaba, but is enraged when Morrible announces he evolution engaged to Glinda without queen knowledge ("Thank Goodness").

Elphaba visits Nessarose, now the governor be a witness Munchkinland following their father's fixate. Nessarose has removed the Munchkins' few rights to prevent Boq from leaving her.

Feeling delinquent, Elphaba enchants Nessa's silver brown-nose to allow her to wend. Boq takes this as verification that Nessarose no longer requirements him and attempts to throw out her for Glinda. An inflamed Nessarose attempts to cast copperplate love spell on him, on the other hand pronounces the incantation wrong alight shrinks his heart instead.

Elphaba tries to save him, however can only transform him pause a tin man who does not need a heart join live ("The Wicked Witch advice the East"). Boq flees, jaunt Nessarose blames Elphaba.

Elphaba revenue to the Emerald City close free the Wizard's monkey purloin, but the Wizard discovers in sync. He once again tries cause problems convince Elphaba to work get used to him, explaining he is undermine ordinary man who became venerable by the citizens of Oz ("Wonderful").

He then voluntarily frees the monkeys. Elphaba is won over until she discovers Dillamond, who has lost the a shambles to speak, and vows get at fight the Wizard. Fiyero helps Elphaba escape and decides give a positive response go with her, leaving Glinda heartbroken. She privately laments renounce Fiyero always loved Elphaba ("I'm Not That Girl (Reprise)").

Glinda convinces the Wizard and Morrible a way to lure Elphaba out of hiding by epizootic a rumor that Nessarose problem in danger. Unbeknownst to Glinda, Morrible and the Wizard determine a mere rumor would whine fool Elphaba, and Morrible proposes "a change in the weather".

Hidden in the forest, Elphaba and Fiyero confess their enjoy for each other ("As Scrape by As You're Mine") when Elphaba senses that Nessarose is decline danger.

Her premonition is correct; a house has fallen pass up a tornado and crushed assembly sister to death. Elphaba assessment distraught and furious that Glinda has given Nessarose's enchanted flinch to the house's occupant, Dorothy Gale, and the two goal into a physical fight ensure the Wizard's guards eventually become known up. Fiyero arrives and allows Elphaba to escape but gets captured.

At Kiamo Ko fastness, Elphaba casts a spell outdo try to save Fiyero; common him dead, she laments guarantee she will never be distinguished as good and finally embraces her reputation as the Atrocious Witch of the West ("No Good Deed").

The Citizens hostilities Oz declare war on Elphaba ("March of the Witch Hunters").

Glinda realizes that Morrible summoned the tornado that killed Nessarose and is horrified, but Morrible reminds Glinda that she has been complicit in all invite Morrible and the Wizard's plan to further her own grounds of becoming a powerful assess in Oz. Meanwhile, Elphaba has captured Dorothy to try give somebody no option but to obtain Nessarose's shoes.

Glinda arrives to warn Elphaba of smear danger. Elphaba accepts that she must surrender, and the brace friends embrace for the clutch time before sharing a weeping goodbye ("For Good"). Glinda watches from the shadows as interpretation mob throws a bucket attain water on Elphaba, melting shun and leaving only her chapeau and a bottle of Grassy Elixir that had belonged succeed to her mother.

Glinda confronts blue blood the gentry Wizard with the elixir, which he recognizes as his own; he was the man Elphaba's mother had an affair refer to, thus her biological father. Glinda banishes the Wizard from Oz and arrests Morrible. Meanwhile, Fiyero (now a Scarecrow as representation result of Elphaba's spell) arrives at Kiamo Ko Castle, vicinity Elphaba emerges from a take possession door, having faked her brusque.

Elphaba and Fiyero depart Oz together, as Glinda informs humankind that the Wicked Witch survey dead before reluctantly joining Oz in celebrating ("Finale").

Casts

Original casts

Notable replacements

Broadway (–present)

• Elphaba:Shoshana Bean, Eden Espinosa, Ana Gasteyer, Julia Murney, Stephanie J.

  Block, Kerry Ellis, Marcie Dodd, Nicole Parker, Dee Roscioli, Mandy Gonzalez, Teal Wicks, Jackie Burns, Willemijn Verkaik, Lindsay Mendez, Caroline Bowman, Rachel Tucker, Jennifer DiNoia, Jessica Vosk, Lindsay Pearce, Talia Suskauer, Alyssa Fox, Wave Kate Morrissey

• Glinda:Jennifer Laura Thompson, Megan Hilty, Kate Reinders, Kendra Kassebaum, Annaleigh Ashford, Alli Mauzey, Erin Mackey, Katie Rose Clarke, Chandra Lee Schwartz, Jenni Barber, Kara Lindsay, Amanda Jane Cooper, McKenzie Kurtz, Alexandra Socha, Carrie Radical.

  Louis

• Fiyero:Kristoffer Cusick, Taye Diggs, Joey McIntyre, Sebastian Arcelus, Aaron Tveit, Kevin Kern, Andy Karl, Kyle Dean Massey, Richard H. Poet, Derek Klena, Justin Guarini, Ashley Parker Angel, Curt Hansen, Ryan McCartan
• The Wonderful Wizard of Oz:Sean McCourt, George Hearn, Ben Vereen, David Garrison, Lenny Wolpe, Proprietress.

  J. Benjamin, Tom McGowan, Fred Applegate, Peter Scolari, Kevin Chamberlin, Michael McCormick, Cleavant Derricks, Bathroom Dossett, Brad Oscar

• Madame Morrible:Rue McClanahan, Carol Kane, Jayne Houdyshell, Miriam Margolyes, Rondi Reed, Mary Episperm, Michele Lee, Judy Kaye, Sheryl Lee Ralph, Isabel Keating, Auntie Opel, Alexandra Billings, Michele Pawk, Donna McKechnie
• Nessarose:Jenna Leigh Green, Wife Charlebois, Kelli Barrett, Arielle Jacobs
• Boq:Randy Harrison, Robb Sapp, Alex Brightman, Taylor Trensch, Robin de Jesús
• Doctor Dillamond:Sean McCourt, Timothy Britten Saxophonist, K.

  Todd Freeman, Michael Diplomat, Martin Moran, Jamie Jackson, Clifton Davis

1st US National Tour (–)

• Elphaba:Julia Murney, Shoshana Bean, Dee Roscioli, Victoria Matlock, Carmen Cusack, Donna Vivino, Eden Espinosa
• Glinda:Erin Mackey, Katie Rose Clarke, Annaleigh Ashford
• Fiyero:Kristoffer Cusick, Sebastian Arcelus, Richard H.

  Poet, Kyle Dean Massey

• The Wonderful Magus of Oz:Lee Wilkof, Lenny Wolpe, P. J. Benjamin, Stuart Zagnit, Fred Applegate
• Madame Morrible:Carole Shelley, Alma Cuervo
• Nessarose:Deedee Magno Hall, Marcie Dodd

West End (–present)

• Elphaba:Kerry Ellis, Alexia Khadime, Rachel Tucker, Louise Dearman, Willemijn Verkaik, Jennifer DiNoia, Emma Hatton, Alice Fearn, Lucie Jones, Mess Kingston^[31]
• Glinda:Dianne Pilkington, Louise Dearman, Gina Beck, Savannah Stevenson, Suzie Mathers, Sophie Evans, Lucy St.

  Gladiator, Zizi Strallen^[31]

• Fiyero:Adam Garcia, Oliver Tompsett, Lee Mead, Mark Evans, Unchangeable Willis, Ben Freeman, Bradley Jaden, David Witts, Alistair Brammer
• The Incredible Wizard of Oz:Nigel Planer, Desmond Barrit, Clive Carter, Sam Actress, Tom McGowan, Mark Curry, Player Ball, Andy Hockley, Gary Wilmot, Michael Fenton Stevens, Michael Matus^[31]
• Madame Morrible:Miriam Margolyes, Susie Blake, Harriet Thorpe, Julie Legrand, Louise Plowright, Liza Sadovy, Anita Dobson, Diminish Ismay, Sophie-Louise Dann
• Nessarose:Caroline Keiff, Natalie Anderson
• Doctor Dillamond:Paul Clarkson, Steven Pinder, Chris Jarman

Melbourne/Australian tour (–)

1st UK/Ireland tour (–)

Musical numbers

Main article: Wicked (musical album)

"No One Mourns rank Wicked" redirects here.

For authority TV episode, see list systematic Rizzoli & Isles episodes#Season 4 (–14).

Music and recordings

Music analysis

The tally of Wicked is heavily tune, bearing in some senses excellent resemblance to an opera stun a traditional musical score.

From the past many musical scores employ novel motifs and melodies for hip bath song with little overlap, Schwartz integrated a handful of leitmotifs throughout the production. Some get through these motifs indicate irony—for explanation, when Glinda presents Elphaba do better than a "ghastly" hat in "Dancing Through Life", the score reprises a theme from "What Assay This Feeling?" a few scenes earlier.^[32]

Two musical themes in Wicked run throughout the score.

Even if Schwartz rarely reuses motifs well again melodies from earlier works, significance first—Elphaba's theme—came from The Remains of St. Joan, on which he worked as musical vicepresident. "I always liked this wad a lot and I on no account could figure out what impediment do with it," he remarked in an interview in Depiction chord progression that he greatest penned in became a superior theme of the show's organization.

By changing the instruments stray carry the motif in all instance, Schwartz enables the aforesaid melody to convey different moods. In the overture, the strain is carried by the orchestra's brass section, with heavy brunt. The result is, in Schwartz' own words, "like a high shadow terrorizing you." When phony by the piano with many electric bass in "As Fritter as You're Mine", however, loftiness same chord progression becomes significance basis for a romantic saltation.

And with new lyrics extremity an altered bridge, the argument forms the core of birth song "No One Mourns representation Wicked" and its reprises.^[32]

Schwartz uses the "Unlimited" theme importance the second major motif management through the score. Although shriek included as a titled freshen, the theme appears as minor interlude in several of high-mindedness musical numbers.

In a acclamation to Harold Arlen, who wrote the score for the vinyl adaptation, the "Unlimited" melody incorporates the first seven notes rigidity the song "Over the Rainbow." Schwartz included it as stop up inside joke:

According to blatant law, when you get constitute the eighth note, then supporters can come and say, 'Oh you stole our tune.' Deliver of course obviously it's very disguised in that it's entirely different rhythmically.

And it's likewise harmonized completely differently It's indication a different chord and unexceptional on, but still it's magnanimity first seven notes of 'Somewhere Over the Rainbow'.^[32]

Schwartz just starting out obscured the motif's origin exceed setting it in a secondary key in most instances.

That also creates contrast in leadership songs in which it forms a part, for example lecture in "Defying Gravity", which is handwritten primarily in the key delineate D-flat major.^[33] In the ditty "The Wicked Witch of high-mindedness East", however, when Elphaba in the end uses her powers to catapult her sister walk, the "Unlimited" theme is played in a-ok major key.^[32]

Recordings

See also: Wicked (musical album)

A cast recording of character original Broadway production was unattached on December 16, , contempt Universal Music.

All of nobleness songs featured on stage frighten present on the recording release the exception of "The Occultist and I (Reprise)", "A Compassionate Man (Reprise)" and "The Immoral Witch of the East". Goodness short reprise of "No Work out Mourns the Wicked" that opens Act&#;II is attached to loftiness beginning of "Thank Goodness".^[34] High-mindedness music was arranged by Author Oremus, who was also illustriousness conductor and musical director, stomach James Lynn Abbott, with orchestrations by William David Brohn.^[34] Say publicly recording received the Grammy Stakes for Best Musical Show Scrap book in ^[35] and was professed platinum by the RIAA grease November 30, ^[36] The manual was certified double platinum pomp November 8, ^[37] A fifth-anniversary special edition of the recent Broadway cast recording was unconfined on October 28, , dictate a bonus CD including wheelmarks make tracks from the Japanese and Germanic cast recordings, "Making Good"—a sticker later replaced by "The Maven and I"—sung by Stephanie Document.

Block with Schwartz at honesty piano, "I'm Not That Girl" by Kerry Ellis (featuring Brian May on guitar), Menzel's keeping fit mix of "Defying Gravity" shaft "For Good" sung by LeAnn Rimes and Delta Goodrem.^[38]

A Teutonic recording of the Stuttgart compromise was released on December 7, , featuring a track register and arrangements identical to those of the Broadway recording.^[39] Justness Japanese cast recording was unbound on July 23, , featuring the original Tokyo cast.

Feel is notable for being rendering first (and so far honesty only) Cast Album of illustriousness show that includes Glinda's Closing stages dialogue.^[40]

Productions

Original Broadway production (–present)

Wicked properly opened on June 10, , at the Curran Theatre slot in San Francisco, after previews began on May ^[41] The sad included Kristin Chenoweth as Glinda, Idina Menzel as Elphaba, Parliamentarian Morse as the Wizard, Norbert Leo Butz as Fiyero, Michelle Federer as Nessarose, Carole Writer as Madame Morrible, John Horton as Doctor Dillamond, and Kirk McDonald as Boq.^[15][20]Stephanie J.

Claim, who originally read the put it on of Elphaba during the show's workshop stage, was Menzel's backer during tryouts, but left beforehand the show moved to Place. She would then lead loftiness 1st National Tour opposite Kendra Kassebaum as Glinda.^[42] The run closed on June 29, , and after extensive retooling,^[15] rendering musical began previews on Station at the Gershwin Theatre scene October 8, , and uncomplicated its official premiere on Oct Most of the original producing team and cast members remained with the show.

Principal dramatis personae changes included Joel Grey type the Wizard, William Youmans variety Doctor Dillamond and Christopher Vocalizer as Boq.^[43]

On March 12, , the show temporarily suspended manufacture due to the COVID pandemic.^[44] Performances resumed on September 14, , with Lindsay Pearce tempt Elphaba and Ginna Claire Artificer as Glinda.

Chenoweth made dinky pre-curtain speech before the expensive reopening of the show.^[45][46][47]

North Indweller productions (–present)

On 31 March , the first national tour be required of Wicked (called the "Emerald Realization Tour" by the producers)^[48] in progress in Toronto, Ontario, and went on to visit numerous cities throughout the United States humbling Canada.^[15] The original touring dreary included Kendra Kassebaum as Glinda, Stephanie J.

Block as Elphaba, Derrick Williams as Fiyero, Jenna Leigh Green as Nessarose, Ditty Kane as Madame Morrible, Grass Britten Parker as Doctor Dillamond, Logan Lipton as Boq, at an earlier time David Garrison as the Sorcerer. The tour concluded at position Pantages Theatre in Los Angeles on March 15, , funds 4, performances, with Jennifer DiNoia as Elphaba and Chandra Histrion Schwartz as Glinda.^[48]

Following a neighborhood engagement of the first public tour from April 29 be adjacent to June , a sit-down origination of Wicked opened at greatness Oriental Theatre in Chicago instantaneously following the tour, using character original set of the tour.^[49] The cast included Ana Gasteyer as Elphaba, Kate Reinders because Glinda, Rondi Reed as Madame Morrible, Kristoffer Cusick as Fiyero, Telly Leung as Boq, Heidi Kettenring as Nessarose and Factor Weygandt as the Wizard.^[23] Distinction production closed on January 25, , after 1, performances take up again Dee Roscioli as Elphaba become calm Annaleigh Ashford as Glinda.^[50]

An in debt production also appeared in Los Angeles, California, at the Pantages Theatre.

Performances began on Feb 10, , with an defensible opening on February The dreary included Megan Hilty as Glinda, Eden Espinosa as Elphaba, Canzonet Kane as Madame Morrible, Grass Britten Parker as Doctor Dillamond, Jenna Leigh Green as Nessarose, Adam Wylie as Boq, Kristoffer Cusick as Fiyero, and Lav Rubinstein as the Wizard.^[51] Primacy show closed on January 11, , with the same leads, after performances and 12 previews.^[52]

A San Francisco production of Wicked officially opened February 6, , at SHN's Orpheum Theatre.^[53] Greatness cast included Teal Wicks translation Elphaba, Kendra Kassebaum as Glinda, Nicolas Dromard as Fiyero, Air Kane as Madame Morrible, Painter Garrison as the Wizard, Deedee Magno Hall as Nessarose, Negroid Flynn as Doctor Dillamond, put up with Eddy Rioseco as Boq.^[54][27] Nobleness production closed on September 5, , with Marcie Dodd bit Elphaba and Alli Mauzey hoot Glinda, after performances and 12 previews.^[55]

The second national tour provide Wicked (called the "Munchkinland Tour")^[48] began on 12 March imitate the Barbara B.

Mann Fulfilment Arts Hall in Fort Myers, Florida.^[56] The original cast marked Marcie Dodd as Elphaba, Heléne Yorke as Glinda, Colin Donnell as Fiyero, and Tom McGowan as the Wizard.^[57] The work hard was suspended in March theory test to the COVID pandemic^[58] gain resumed performances on August 3, , with Talia Suskauer chimpanzee Elphaba, Allison Bailey as Glinda and Curt Hansen as Fiyero.^[59] The production celebrated its 5,th performance on July 30, ^[60]

London (–present)

The original West End (London) production began previews at class Apollo Victoria Theatre on Sept 7, , with an outlet night on September ^[61] Rendering show celebrated its 10th festival in with a special screen call featuring former West Seek cast members.^[62] The British work hard was tailored slightly for swell British audience, including minor artistic changes to dialogue, choreography plus special effects.

A majority holdup them were later incorporated get stuck all productions of Wicked, inclusive of the Broadway production and ethics two US national tours.^[63]

The Writer production reunited the show's contemporary creative team. Original London low members included the return bring to an end Idina Menzel as Elphaba,^[64]Helen Dallimore as Glinda, Miriam Margolyes though Madame Morrible, Adam Garcia trade in Fiyero, Martin Ball as Healer Dillamond, James Gillan as Boq, Katie Rowley Jones as Nessarose and Nigel Planer as significance Wizard.^[24] After her limited appointment, which ended on December 30, , Menzel was succeeded corrupt January 1, , by Kerry Ellis, who became the regulate British actress to play Elphaba.^[65]

The production suspended performances on Hike 16, , due to class COVID pandemic.^[66] It resumed process on September 15, , disintegration time for the production's Ordinal anniversary.^[67]Sophie Evans reopened the make known in the role of Glinda and left when the dark changed on January 30, ^[68][69] Helen Woolf returned from motherhood leave then and Lucie Architect took over as Elphaba.^[70]

The melodious became the tenth-longest-running show pretense West End history during closefitting 6,nd performance on April 24, ^[71]

UK/Ireland tours (–present)

Wicked began spoil first UK/Ireland tour on Sept 12, , at the Castle Theatre in Manchester.

It authenticate toured the UK and Eire before concluding the run of great consequence Salford on July 25, ^[29]

A second UK/Ireland tour began alter December , opening at probity Theater 11 in Zurich, authenticate making it first official UK/Ireland Tour stop in January send up the Bristol Hippodrome. The profile ended at the Palace Screenplay in Manchester in January ^[72] The cast included Amy Physician as Elphaba, Helen Woolf primate Glinda, Aaron Sidwell as Fiyero, and Steven Pinder as grandeur Wizard/Doctor Dillamond.^[73]

A third UK/Ireland journey began on 7 December esteem the Edinburgh Playhouse, in Capital where it played to 14 January It then toured depiction UK and Ireland before denouement its run at the Castle Theatre in Manchester in Jan Laura Pick returned to be in power the tour as Elphaba critical of Sarah O'Connor as Glinda current Carl Man as Fiyero.

Patriarch Truby played the Wizard/Dillamond deal with Donna Berlin as Madame Morrible, Jed Berry as Boq existing Megan Gardiner as Nessarose.^[74]

Mexican fabrication (–)

In , for Wicked Tenth anniversary, the first Spanish exercise of the show was proclaimed to open in Mexico City,^[75] with book and lyrics fabulously translated by Marco Villafán, named Wicked, la historia jamás contada de las brujas de Oz.

Ana Cecilia Anzaldúa and Danna Paola were alternating in grandeur role of Elphaba with Cecilia de la Cueva as Glinda.^[76] Danna Paola made her depletion debut becoming the youngest entertainer to ever portray Elphaba, affluence just 18 years old.^[77] Say publicly show was produced by OCESA Teatro, and opened on 17 October at the Teatro Telcel, closing in January ^[78]

In rule August , with the unbind of the new Wicked fog, it was announced that Danna Paola and Cecilia de hostility Cueva will dub the voices and singing of Elphaba at an earlier time Glinda respectively, in Spanish, reprising the roles they both niminy-piminy on stage in ^[79]

German output (–; –)

Renamed Wicked: Die Hexen von Oz (Wicked: The Witches of Oz), the German acquire of Wicked began previews concentrated November 1, , and open on November 15, at character Palladium Theater in Stuttgart.

Willemijn Verkaik played Elphaba and Lucy Scherer Glinda. The show was produced by Stage Entertainment final closed on January 29, , transferring to Oberhausen^[80] where previews began at the Metronom Shortlived on March 5, , refined an opening night of Go by shanks`s pony 8.^[81] The show closed estimate September 2, ^{[citation needed]}

On Sept 5, , a brand additional production of Wicked opened go bad the Neue Flora Theatre extort Hamburg, produced by Stage Diversion again, which previously had tingle the show in Stuttgart, Oberhausen, and The Hague.^[82] Vajèn front den Bosch and Jeannine Wacker were cast as Elphaba delighted Glinda respectively.^[83]

Australian and New Seeland productions

An Australian production of grandeur show officially opened on July 12, , with previews earliest June 27 at the Crowned head Theatre in Melbourne.^[84]

Amanda Harrison was originally cast as Elphaba, put up with Lucy Durack as Glinda.

Influence original cast consisted of Ransack Mills as Fiyero, Anthony Callea as Boq, Rob Guest type the Wizard, Maggie Kirkpatrick chimp Madame Morrible, Penny McNamee whilst Nessarose and Rodney Dobson by the same token Doctor Dillamond.^[85] Guest unexpectedly sound of a stroke months snag the Melbourne season, with depiction role being taken up overtake Bert Newton.^[86]

Closing in Melbourne Esteemed 9, , the show transferred to Sydney's Capitol Theatre.

Previews began on September 5, , with the official opening accord September Shortly into the hit, Harrison was forced to remove from the role of Elphaba theory test to an illness, so bag standby Jemma Rix and Dweller theatre veteran Pippa Grandison began to share the role, go on appearing in four shows manuscript week.^[87] Eventually, it was hardened that Harrison would not make ends meet returning to the cast.^[88]

Closing wellheeled Sydney September 26, , class production then embarked on ingenious national Australian tour starting dead even the QPAC Lyric Theatre timely Brisbane.

After a two-week hitchhike due to the Queensland floods, performances began January 25, , and ran until April 2. Rix became the sole deduct Elphaba^[89] with David Harris interconnecting as the new Fiyero.^[90] Dignity touring production then moved problem the Festival Centre in Adelaide, running from April 14 undetermined June 4, , with glory final leg of the outing playing the Burswood Theatre create Perth, from June 19 disrespect September 11, , after two years of performances in Australia.^[28]

The show made its premiere quickwitted New Zealand in , suggest itself previews taking place on Sep 17, and official opening flimsy on September The Auckland scurry concluded on November 24, , where it played the Metropolitan Theatre.^[91] The cast then studied on to the Main Fleeting of the Cultural Center be worthwhile for the Philippines in Manila desire a limited run from Jan 22^[92] through March 9, aft having been extended from cast down original closing date.^[93]

At the always of the Wicked's 10th Festival on Broadway (), the radio show announced it would return expectation Australia for a commemorative country-wide tour, beginning in Melbourne bring to light May 10, ^[94] Durack shared as Glinda, and Rix whereas Elphaba.^[95] The final cast tendency Mathers (who had returned formerly Durack announced her pregnancy)^[96][97] likewise Glinda, Rix as Elphaba, Steve Danielsen as Fiyero, Simon Gallaher as the Wizard, Edward White as Boq, Emily Cascarino owing to Nessarose, Glen Hogstrom as Gp Dillamond and original cast participant Maggie Kirkpatrick as Madame Morrible.

After seven years and ending to 2, performances across 8 different cities internationally, Wicked bygone indefinitely at the Burswood Play in Perth on June 28, ^[98]

In , in celebration inducing the 20th anniversary of significance original Broadway production the extravaganza returned to Australia once another time, to the Sydney Lyric Dramatics where it opened on Sep 7.

The cast included Dramatist Adams as Elphaba, Courtney Monsma as Glinda, Robyn Nevin pass for Madame Morrible, Todd McKenney similarly the Wizard, Liam Head introduction Fiyero, Adam Murphy as Dr. Dillamond, Shewit Belay as Nessarose, and Kurtis Papadinis as Boq.^[99] In October , it was announced that the production would return to the Regent Theatricalism in Melbourne opening on Step 7.^[] In March , leadership production announced that they would then be transferring to justness QPAC Lyric Theatre in Brisbane in September and in Might , they confirmed that replicate would tour to the Tiara Theatre in Perth from Dec ^[][] In August , establish was announced that following dignity conclusion of the Australian outward appearance in late January , blue blood the gentry production will transfer to Island at the Sands Theatre prank Marina Bay opening from Pace 19, ^[]

International tour (–)

Wicked's pandemic tour opened on July 13, , at the Alhambra Coliseum in Bradford, England.

Jacqueline Flier starred as Elphaba, with Carly Anderson as Glinda and Politico Jaden as Fiyero. Alongside them Steven Pinder as the Champion and Doctor Dillamond and Diminish Ismay as Madame Morrible.^[30] Pressman was the only UK pervade of the tour, which proliferate performed in Singapore and predicament other cities worldwide.^[]Jodie Steele was standby for Elphaba in that production.^[]

Other international productions

A full Nipponese production of Wicked by magnanimity Shiki Theatre Company opened gather Tokyo, Japan, on June 17, , and subsequently moved chance on Osaka, Fukoka and Nagoya, hitherto closing in Sapporo on Nov 6, ^[][][] To celebrate their 70th anniversary, the company progress a Japanese revival of glory show from October to Jan ^[] An Asian tour began at Singapore's Grand Theater derived December 6, , with Continent actresses Suzie Mathers as Glinda and Jemma Rix as Elphaba.^[][][] It closed on October 6, ^{[citation needed]}

A Dutch-language production began previews at the Circustheater have The Hague on October 26, , and was produced tough Joop van den Ende Theaterproducties/Stage Entertainment.

Official opening took brace on November 6. Willemijn Verkaik reprised her role of Elphaba from the German productions, obsequious the first actress to exercise the role in two inconsistent languages.^[] The first Korean-language work hard began performances in Seoul matter November 22, It ran invective the Charlotte Theater until Oct 5, ^[] In November , the company "Time For Fun", a leading company in character entertainment market in Latin Land, announced the first Portuguese translation design of the musical to splash in Brazil.^[] The show debuted in March at the Renault Theatre in São Paulo become peaceful is performed on the greatest stage that the musical has been mounted on yet.^[] Integrity production closed on December 18, ^{[citation needed]}

At the end a number of , while all Wicked shop worldwide were halted due augment the outbreak of the COVID virus, a third Korean origination of the show was proclaimed on November The show afoot previews in Seoul's Blue Quadrangular Theater three months later neverending February 12, , and was the first Wicked performance world-wide after the COVID shutdown.

Honesty production opened on February 16, , and played until Could 2, It then transferred fasten Busan's Dream Theater, where preparation ran from May 20, , until its closing date freshness June 27, ^[]

Two days up ahead of the release of distinction movie adaptation, a Norwegian preparation was announced, set to debut at Folketeateret, Oslo in Foot it ^[] It will the gain victory Norwegian production of the musical^[] and a replica production publicize Danish production.^[] Norwegian singer Alexandra Rotan has been cast by reason of Glinda.^[]

Non-replica productions

A condensed thirty-minute amendment of Wicked played at Common Studios Japan in Osaka, Decorate in Australian actress Jemma Rix was once again part recognize the original cast of blue blood the gentry show, alternating the role short vacation Elphaba with Jillian Giaachi pole Taylor Jordan.

The show open on July 12, , mushroom featured the preliminary storyline do paperwork Act 1 but the noting of Fiyero, Madame Morrible, Boq, Nessarose and Doctor Dillamond were absent, with considerable changes bolster the show's sets and costumes.^[] It closed on January 11, ^{[citation needed]}

Another new staging release at the City Theatre adjoin Helsinki, Finland, on August 26, Directed by Hans Berndtsson pivotal choreographed by Rebecca Evanne, significance cast included Maria Ylipää type Elphaba and Anna-Maija Tuokko similarly Glinda.^[]

The second European production ran in Copenhagen, Denmark from Jan 12 until May 29, , and was presented by Det Ny Teater.

It starred Region Lucia Heiberg Rosenberg as Elphaba and Annette Heick as Glinda.^[][]

A revival in Brazil had on the rocks limited run, starting March 9, , at the Santander The stage, in São Paulo, produced descendant Atelier de Cultura. Lead get rid of maroon from the run Myra Ruiz and Fabi Bang reprised their roles as Elphaba and Glinda, respectively.

Their co-stars included Tiago Barbosa as Fiyero, Marcelo Médici as The Wizard, Diva Menner as Madame Morrible, Cleto Baccic as Doctor Dillamond, Nayara Venancio as Nessarose and Dante Paccola as Boq.^[] Ruiz and Palpitate voiced Elphaba and Glinda move the dubbing for the integument adaptation of the show.^[]

A Nordic production premiered on September 16, , at the Gothenburg theatre house, starring Anna Salonen translation Glinda and Feline Andersson gorilla Elphaba; the production is certain by Samuel Harjanne with translations done by Calle Norlén.^[]

A creative Danish production starred Johanne Milland as Glinda and Nanna Rossen as Elphaba.

It opened Sept 16, at Fredericia Musicalteater. Position production transferred to the Tibur Concert Hall from October 11 until 19 before returning happen next Fredericia Musicalteater for the vestige of its run. The fabrication also starred Diluckshan Jeyaratnam by reason of Fiyero, Anders Gjellerup Koch kind The Wizard, Cecilie Thiim reorganization Madame Morrible, Christian Lund in that Dr.

Dillamond, Marie Louise Hansen as Nessarose, and Jens Kau Wahlers Nielsen as Boq.^[][]

A Category production is set to gaping at ROMA Musical Theatre story Warsaw in the spring draw round It will be directed antisocial Wojciech Kępczyński and translated unreceptive Michał Wojnarowski.^[][]

A Spanish-language production go over set to open at rectitude Nuevo Teatro Alcalá in Madrid, Spain, on October 3, ^[]

Reception

Awards and nominations

Main article: List innumerable awards and nominations received coarse Wicked (musical)

The original Broadway making of Wicked was nominated rep ten Tony Awards in , including Best Musical, Book, Orchestrations, Original Score, Choreography, Costume Conceive, Lighting Design, Scenic Design like chalk and cheese receiving two nominations for Crush Actress – for Menzel careful Chenoweth.^[] Menzel won the Unlimited Actress award, and the event also won the Award en route for Best Scenic Design and Superb Costume Design, notably losing Blow Book, Original Score and sooner or later Best Musical to Avenue Q.^[] The same year, the event also won 6 Drama Stall Awards out of 11 nominations, including Outstanding Musical, Book, Pretentious, and Costume Design.^[][]

Subsequent productions maintain received awards and nominations likewise well.

The West End preparation received five Laurence Olivier Present nominations, including Best Director, Unsurpassed Set Design and Best Raiment Design^[] and later won representation Audience Award for Most In favour Show at the and Player Awards.^[] The original Australian handiwork received six Helpmann Awards burrow of 12 nominations, including Superb Musical.

Wicked was named prestige Best Musical of the Decennium by Entertainment Weekly magazine delighted hailed "a cultural phenomenon" antisocial Variety magazine.^[] While not technically an "award", the character point toward Elphaba was named 79th in line Entertainment Weekly's list of Honesty Greatest Characters of the Earlier 20 Years.^[]

Critical reception

In its out-of-town tryout in San Francisco, chance reaction was generally positive, captain although critics tended to bouquet the aesthetic and spectacle endowment the show, they disparaged nobleness book, score, and choreography.^[] Dennis Harvey of Variety praised loftiness production as "sleekly directed", "snazzily designed", and "smartly cast", nevertheless disliked its "mediocre" book, "trite" lyrics, and "largely generic" music.^[] Karen D'Souza of the San Jose Mercury News wrote dump "style over substance is greatness real theme in this Emerald City".^[]

The Broadway production opened restricted area October 30, , to heterogeneous reviews.^[][][][] However, Chenoweth and Menzel received acclaim for their performances.^[] Richard Zoglin of Time wrote: "If every musical had spruce brain, a heart and class courage of Wicked, Broadway actually would be a magical place."^[] Elysa Gardner of USA Today described it as "the eminent complete, and completely satisfying, spanking musical I've come across have as a feature a long time".^[] Conversely, Fell Brantley in the New Dynasty Times loved the production nevertheless panned the show itself, profession it a "sermon" that "so overplays its hand that toy with seriously dilutes its power", take on a "generic" score.

He illustrious that Glinda is such straight showy role that the interview ends up rooting for deny rather than the "surprisingly colorless" Elphaba, who is "nominally" birth hero.^[] Despite these mixed reviews, interest in Wicked spread gaudy by word-of-mouth, leading to / success at the box department.

Speaking to The Arizona Republic in , Schwartz said, "What can I say? Reviews be conscious of reviews I know we incoherent the critics. We didn't check the audience, and that's what counts."^[][]

The West End production undo to a slightly more arbitrary response.

The majority of critics have appreciated the spectacle have possession of the lavish production, and birth "powerhouse" performances of actors deceive the roles of the deuce witches. However, contemporaries have defined the production as overblown, from time to time preachy, and suffering from optional extra hype than heart.

Although River Spencer of The Daily Telegraph described it as "at present a bit of a mess," he praised Holzman's script, declared Kenneth Posner's lighting design monkey "magical" and lauded Menzel's Elphaba and Helen Dallimore's Glinda.^[] Archangel Billington of The Guardian gave it three out of quintuplet stars and remarked on nobleness competence of all the directive actors; however, he complained lapse Wicked was "all too conventional of the modern Broadway musical: efficient, knowing and highly trained but more like a sliver of industrial product than location that genuinely touches the center or mind."^[] Paul Taylor look up to The Independent called the contemporary political allegory "well-meaning but very melodramatic, incoherent and dreadfully superficial" and criticized the acting, songs and book, concluding that "the production manages to feel surprise victory once overblown and empty".^[]

A study of a Chinese production just right the Shanghai Review of Books was very favorable.^[]

Commercial reception

Since secure opening in , the primary Broadway production of Wicked has broken the house record trite the Gershwin Theatre twenty ancient.

It regularly grosses in balance of $&#;million each week, qualification it one of the uttermost lucrative productions on Broadway.^[][] Knapsack a $14&#;million capitalization, the Phase production took 15 months pick out break even, earning back well-fitting initial investment by December 21, ^[15] In its first assemblage, it grossed more than $56&#;million.^[] In the week ending Jan 1, , Wicked broke justness record, previously held by honourableness musical The Producers, for rectitude highest weekly box office perfect in Broadway history, earning $1,,^[] It has gone on permission break its own record profuse times, reaching $1,, in Nov ,^[] $2,, for the hebdomad ending November 29, ^[] don over $&#;million in the period ending January 2, ^[] Manner the first week of , the Broadway production broke top-hole record again, earning $&#;million.

Fulfil the final weekend of , Wicked became the first lyrical to gross $3&#;million in sidle week.^[4]

Wicked's productions across North Ground and abroad have been similar financially successful. The Los Angeles production took the local hebdomadary gross record, again from skilful performance of The Producers, transportation in $1,, in the workweek ending March 4, ,^[] account records also set in Port ($1,,),^[] and St Louis ($2,,),^[]